Causes and solutions of belt deviation

Belt conveyor, also known as belt conveyor, is mainly used for loading, unloading, transmission and transportation of goods and materials, mainly used in mineral mining, ports and wharfs.

With the development of technology, belt conveyor also plays an important role in other fields.

The belt conveyor drives the belt movement through the friction between the roller, idler and belt, and the interaction of the friction force, thus giving play to the function of transporting goods or materials. The belt is the bearing structure of the belt conveyor and the most basic traction structure. The operation of the belt conveyor is mainly affected by the friction. If the friction is uneven or the direction is inconsistent, it will lead to the belt deviation of the belt conveyor and make the operation of the belt conveyor abnormal.

The rule of belt conveyor deviation is mainly reflected in three aspects:

First, it is backward and not forward. During the actual operation of the belt conveyor, because the running direction of the belt is opposite to that of the belt conveyor, and the roller and idler are not on the vertical section of the running direction, which belongs to the front side of one side, it is easy to cause the deviation of the belt conveyor.

Second, it is too tight and not too loose. The belt conveyor needs to carry a large load during operation, so it is often in the state of fatigue operation. If the tension on both sides of the belt is not the same, there will be deviation.

Third, it is high but not low. Due to the friction and pressure during the operation of the belt conveyor, it is difficult for both sides of the belt to be at the same level, and it will run to the higher end, affecting the normal operation of the belt conveyor.

Hazards of belt conveyor deviation

The deviation of the belt conveyor will lead to production stoppage, which will affect the production safety to a certain extent and easily lead to the occurrence of safety hazards. If the deviation is serious, it is easy to cause the belt to roll over the material. Excessive stress on one side will cause the belt to break transversely, threatening the personal safety of the surrounding staff. At the same time, belt deviation is easy to cause material scattering, which not only causes waste but also is difficult to clean up, causing pollution to the production environment.

Causes of belt conveyor deviation

Belt device aging

The belt conveyor has been running for a long time, the device is worn and aged, and the staff has not been able to update and adjust the device in time. Improper installation will directly lead to different tension and corresponding friction on both sides of the belt during operation, which will lead to deviation. From the practical application, the main reason for the uneven stress on both sides of the belt conveyor is the aging of the belt device.

Improper placement of materials

During the transmission and operation of the belt conveyor, the position of materials on the belt should be uniform and appropriate. Uneven placement will cause the belt to deviate during the operation. The main reason for uneven feeding is that the position and direction of the material falling is incorrect. If the material deviates to the left, the belt will run to the left, and vice versa.

Belt joint problem

The belt joint will become uneven due to wear and tear due to long-term use or joint damage caused by human factors. If the belt is not straight or the vulcanization joint is not correct, the tension on both sides of the belt will be inconsistent, and the belt will run to the side with high tension during operation, of which the belt joint will run to the largest angle.

Belt deformation and aging, tension reduction

If the long-term operation, maintenance and renewal of the belt conveyor are not in place, the parts are excessively worn in, and the belt is constantly aging and sagging, it will gradually produce irreversible deformation and aging, which will directly reduce the tension. This will directly lead to uneven internal stress and lead to belt deviation.

Uneven tension at both ends of the belt

The most important bearing mechanism of the belt conveyor is the belt, which is responsible for the material transportation. Therefore, if the belt quality is not up to standard or the belt is used for too long, the belt is worn and aged, and the tension on both ends of the belt is uneven, leading to deviation. In particular, the belt joint or the non-straight part is most obvious.

Sticking of roller and idler

After transporting materials for a period of time, especially for mineral materials, the belt conveyor often has material binding on the roller or idler, which increases the local thickness of the roller or idler, resulting in uneven stress on both sides and deviation. The belt is affected by the lateral force of the roller and the idler. If the installation positions of the two are offset, the belt conveyor will be deviated due to the inconsistent lateral force during operation. The lateral force is affected by many factors. If there is a large perpendicularity error between the installation position and the center line of the bearing idler, or there is a large perpendicularity error between the drum circumference and the center line, it will cause the belt deviation, and the deviation is most obvious at the installation position of the drum and the idler.

How to prevent deviation

01 Reasonably adjust the idler group

If the belt deviation occurs in the middle of the belt conveyor, the method of adjusting the position of the idler group can effectively correct the belt deviation. In order to adjust the idler group more conveniently, the installation holes on both sides of the idler bracket can be designed as long holes, which can effectively prevent the deviation caused by the uneven position or distribution of materials, and also can effectively correct the belt deviation caused by the rack tilt and equipment vibration.

02 Adjusting the position of the roller

If the belt deviates, the drum can be adjusted reasonably to achieve the purpose of correction. During the installation of the drum, pay attention to the good perpendicularity between the axis of the drum installation position and the center line of the belt conveyor. If the perpendicularity error is too large, the belt will run away.

03 Adjust tension

Tension can be divided into mechanical tension and heavy hammer tension according to different forms. Mechanical tension usually refers to screw tension. With this tension, no matter how you move the drum, you should pay attention to that the axis of the drum is completely perpendicular to the longitudinal center line of the belt. If the form of heavy hammer tension is adopted, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the diversion drum should not only maintain good perpendicularity with the belt length direction, but also be completely perpendicular to the gravity vertical line, so as to ensure that the axis line is always horizontal.

04 Install the centering idler group

If the deviation occurs in the middle of the belt conveyor operation, it can also be corrected by installing the centering idler group. This method is to make use of the lateral additional force generated by the rotation of the idler on the horizontal plane, and make the idler frame rotate with the central axis as the core, so that the belt can move towards the center by itself, and play the role of centering.

05 Adjust the blanking position at the transfer point

Belt deviation is greatly affected by the material falling position at the transfer point, so we should try to expand the relative height between the two belt conveyors during installation. At the same time, the size and shape of the funnel and guide chute should be carefully studied and designed according to the actual situation. Generally speaking, the width of the guide chute is two-thirds of the belt width. In addition, you can also adjust the position and direction of the material falling on the belt, or set the baffle plate to block the material and adjust the material position, so as to correct the belt deviation.

In the actual operation of belt conveyor, deviation is a common fault. In case of such failure, timely and effective correction shall be carried out. In addition, pay attention to the installation of various components of the belt conveyor and the daily maintenance and maintenance of the transmission system to ensure the efficient operation of the equipment.

Of course, the most important premise is to select a good joint machine to complete the joint work, contact Bayrich and help you make the right choice.